Advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma with rare metastases to the thyroid gland and supraclavicular lymph node: a case report

Background: Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is a highly aggressive malignancy with a propensity for metastatic spread. Metastasis to the thyroid gland is a rare occurrence, with few reported cases in the literature. This report presents a rare case of advanced ESCC with metastases to the thyroid and supraclavicular lymph node, highlighting the importance of considering metastatic disease in patients with unusual thyroid lesions and a history of ESCC. Case Presentation: A 68- year-old male with a history of cerebrovascular accident, tobacco use, and alcohol consumption presented with a progressively enlarging neck mass, dysphagia, and weight loss. Examinations revealed a pharyngeal mass, a suspicious thyroid lesion, and an abnormal left supraclavicular lymph node. Biopsies confirmed primary ESCC with metastases to the thyroid and left supraclavicular lymph node. Immunohistochemistry played a crucial role in confirming the esophageal origin of the metastatic lesions. Conclusion: This case underscores the importance of thoroughly evaluating unusual thyroid lesions to rule out rare secondary malignancies, such as ESCC metastasis. A comprehensive diagnostic workup and a multidisciplinary approach are essential for accurate staging and optimal management in such cases. Clinicians should maintain a high index of suspicion for metastatic disease in patients with a history of ESCC presenting with thyroid nodules or masses. Early detection and close monitoring of suspicious thyroid lesions may improve patient outcomes, despite the generally poor prognosis associated with metastatic ESCC.