A Case Report of MOG Antibody-Associated Disease (MOGAD) with Isolated Brainstem and Spinal Cord Involvement

Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody disease (MOGAD) is a central nervous system demyelinating disorder with diverse clinical presentations, including optic neuritis, myelitis, and acute disseminated encephalomyelitis. Specific radiological features, such as diffuse T2 hyperintense lesions in the brainstem, involvement of the cerebellar peduncles, and longitudinally extensive spinal cord lesions, are key to differentiating MOGAD from other demyelinating conditions. Here, we present two rare cases of MOGAD with isolated brainstem and spinal cord involvement, diagnosed through clinical evaluation, serologic testing, and magnetic resonance imaging findings. Both cases were successfully treated with high-dose corticosteroids, underscoring the critical importance of early recognition and prompt intervention to optimize patient outcomes.