Formation of the principles of tectonics of modern architectural forms

The purpose of the study was to create a theoretical model that reveals the principles of tectonics development of modern architectural forms, considering technological innovations, environmental requirements, and cultural context. The results show that the concept of tectonics has changed from the classical to the modern multidimensional approach. The basis of modern tectonics is determined by three key elements: technological innovations (parametric design, 3D printing, robotic production), environmental requirements (energy efficiency, bioclimatic design, circular economy), and cultural context (hybrid tectonics, digital language). The developed theoretical model contains five main principles (integrative, adaptive, optimisation, contextual, and expressive) that form the tectonics of modern architectural forms. Based on the analysis of modern architectural projects, the paper identified promising areas for the development of tectonic principles, including smart tectonics, bio-tectonics, and digital localism. The study emphasised the growing role of adaptive facade systems in shaping the tectonics of modern architecture and demonstrated the potential of the proposed model to predict the development of architectural forms, considering technological trends and environmental requirements. The study confirmed the importance of an interdisciplinary approach to architectural design and laid the foundation for the development of architectural theory and practice that can meet the challenges of modernity, especially in the context of sustainable development and cultural identity