Improving the effectiveness of climate change adaptation measures

Abstract To a large degree, economic metrics and mechanisms underpin the design of adaptation policies. Such a focus has undesired consequences on the effectiveness of adaptation measures as well as on our ability to prevent incommensurable losses. The article puts forward four strategic changes in adaptation policy that shift the focus away from markets and toward community-level visions of what a liveable future entails. These changes involve accommodating diverse ethical positions, through decision-making processes that are rich in information, include diverse perspectives, and are transparent with respect to the value trade-offs they entail; reflecting social norms in adaptation, through community-led initiatives whereby local priorities and cultural expressions are given centre-stage in the design of adaptation responses; limiting path dependence, through champions within key institutions that are prepared to affect change in times of disruptive climate disasters; and enfranchising marginalised groups, notably by incorporating multiple knowledges and worldviews in adaptation policy, promoting deliberation and negotiation, and subverting exclusionary practices.