A New Non-Cyanogenic Cyanoglycoside with Promising α-Glycosidase Inhibitory Activity from the Roots of Cordia trichotoma

Three undescribed non-cyanogenic cyanoglycosides, designated as trichotomoside A (1), B (2), and C (3) along with three known ones (4-6) were isolated from the roots of Cordia trichotoma. In addition, miscellaneous compounds such as acid (1’R,3’S,5’R,8’S,2Z,4E)-dihydrophaseic 3’-O-β-D-glycopyranoside (7), N-(2E)-3-[(2S,3R)-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)- 3-(hydroxymethyl)-7-methoxy-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran5-yl]acryloylglycine (8), syringaldehyde (9), scoparone (10), 12,16-epoxyglobiferin (11), α-cadinol (12), trichotomol (13), and 1-(3’-methoxypropanoyl)-2,4,5-trimethoxybenzene (14) were also isolated. The structures of all compounds were elucidated by an extensive analysis of spectroscopic data (infrared (IR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HRESIMS)). The non-cyanogenic cyanoglycosides (1-6) were screened for their α-glucosidase inhibitory activities. None of the compounds exhibited antioxidant or xanthine oxidase activity. Compound 3 exhibited considerable inhibitory ability on α-glucosidase, showing a halfmaximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) = 646 ± 69 µmol L-1 close to the standard acarbose (IC50 = 521 ± 23 µmol L-1), demonstrating its promising antidiabetic action.