Mapping Physical and Environmental Vulnerabilities for Port Development in Tanjung Carat, South Sumatra

Tanjung Carat in Banyuasin, South Sumatra is a vital area characterized by its extensive mangrove-dominated wetlands and diverse wildlife. Concerns have been raised regarding the potential environmental impact of the proposed Tanjung Carat International Port construction on this ecologically rich area. Aiming to minimize potential harm, there is a need to assess the vulnerability of the port development areas and develop policies to protect the environment. This study seeks to analyze the physical and environmental vulnerability of the port development areas using a geographic information system (GIS). To assess physical vulnerability, the study analyzed seven key parameters including geomorphology, geology, average wave height, elevation, average tide, coastline changes, and climatology. In addition, environmental vulnerability was evaluated using four parameters: protected forest areas, mangroves, shrubs, and nature reserve forests. Data from relevant agencies and direct field observations were used to conduct the assessment, employing the scoring method and the Coastal Vulnerability Index (CVI) formula. The findings reveal that the Tanjung Carat area exhibits high physical vulnerability due to its low elevation, flat geomorphology, and geology characterized by lake sediment formations, making it highly susceptible to ecosystem perturbations resulting from developmental activities. The analysis of environmental vulnerability further highlights the prevalence of high vulnerability, particularly due to the presence of protected forests, sanctuary forests, and mangroves, especially in Sungsang II and IV Villages. The insights gained from this study are intended to provide valuable guidance to stakeholders involved in evaluating the potential impact of development, particularly the proposed international port, on the physical and environmental vulnerability of the area.