Risk Factors for Lung Cancer in Non-smoking Women, North Sumatera, Indonesia

Basic Health Research Data in 2018 reported that lung cancer in women in Indonesia ranked third after breast cancer and cervical cancer. A person's risk of developing lung cancer can be evaluated by looking at several things, namely age and gender, genetic predisposition to cancer, tobacco use, and exposure to toxic agents at home or work. The purpose of this research is to obtain data on several risk factors with the incidence of lung cancer in non-smoking women at Adam Malik General Hospital and Santa Elisabeth General Hospital. This research is a case-control matching study involving 224 research subjects through medical record data collection from January 2019 to December 2020. All research subjects were recorded from medical record data confirmed by questionnaires related to risk factors, namely ages, exposure to cigarette smoke (passive smokers), genetics, mosquito coils, limes, pesticides, garbage burning, exposure to firewood, and air pollution. Data were analyzed by logistic regression test. The average age in the case group was 57.86 years, while in the control group, the average age was 47.4 years. The largest age group in both study groups was 40 years. In this research, five risk factors of lung cancer influenced the incidence of lung cancer in non-smoking women, namely age (p = 0.008), passive smokers (p = 0.043), genetic factors (p < 0.001), exposure to firewood (p = 0.007), and air pollution factors (p = 0.041). It was estimated that risk factors that significantly influence the incidence of lung cancer in women are not the age of 40 years, genetic factors, passive smokers, and exposure to firewood.