Essence and determinants of global food security

The article explores the evolution of the concept of "global food security", identifying and analyzing the key determinants that influence food security levels worldwide. The objective of this study is to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the essence and determinants of global food security to develop scientifically sound recommendations for ensuring the availability and quality of food for all people on the planet. The study found that the concept of "global food security" has evolved from a simple focus on food availability to a comprehensive approach that considers accessibility, quality, and safety of food products. Global food security is a complex and multifaceted concept that encompasses not only food availability but also its accessibility, quality, safety, and the sustainability of production. Food security exists when all people, at all times, have physical, social and economic access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food that meets their dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life. The systematic classification of factors influencing global food security allowed for the grouping and characterization of key determinants of food security, including: food production, international trade and logistics, climate change and extreme weather events, economic stability and economic inequality, wars and conflicts, technologies, and innovations. The article proposes a comprehensive approach to tackling the problem of hunger, based on the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals, particularly the need for urgent measures to ensure food security, which would include: reducing food waste and food loss; increasing funding and credit for farmers and developing agricultural and logistical infrastructure; combating climate change; stabilizing the political situation in countries suffering from hunger; addressing the indirect causes of food insecurity; increasing the availability of food aid for countries suffering from hunger, etc. As a result, achieving global food security requires a combined effort from governments, international organizations, and the global community to create fair and environmentally balanced food systems that ensure healthy and quality food for all people on the planet.