Global challenges: economic and social aspects

The globalization of society contributes to economic growth by attracting foreign investment, developing international trade and expanding business opportunities, promoting technological progress and solidarity to address global challenges, such as climate change or poverty alleviation, which require joint efforts of countries around the world to find solutions at the international level. However, globalization also has a negative impact on both society and the global economy as a whole. In particular, according to the results of the World Economic Forum's Global Risks study, the impact of global risks on society and their interconnection and interdependence as a catalyst for strengthening such an impact was summarized. The article analyzes the geopolitical, economic, social, environmental, and technological categories of global risks and identifies their effects on Ukraine in the short term. The economic policies and the level of economic freedom between countries in the context of modern challenges are compared. An index analysis of economic freedom as a tool for making decisions on investment, business development and economic policy development in Ukraine and the world was performed. The authors analyze a number of other threats and dangers and their impact on the business climate and conditions of domestic business and describe the main risks to the national economy in the situation of uncertainty. The main purpose of the study is to analyze the current economic and geopolitical context affecting the national economy of Ukraine and the global system as a whole in order to identify key risks and factors of instability. The realization of this goal entails a number of tasks: determining Ukraine's place in the context of global risks against the background of accelerating technological change, economic uncertainty and interstate armed conflicts; the impact of global challenges on the economic freedom of the national and world economies; the national economy in the context of martial law and post-war recovery. The research methods: comparison, explanation, abstraction, empirical analysis and synthesis, a combined method of similarity and divergence.