Postpartum Depression and Newborn Gender: Investigating Birth Outcomes and Maternal Wellbeing in a Cross-Sectional Study

Objective: To determine the prevalence of postpartum depression (PPD), investigate the underlying factors contributing to it and its relationship with the gender of newborns. Materials and Methods: A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted on 90 post- natal mothers presenting at RMU Allied Hospitals, Rawalpindi. The data collection tool was a Performa-based questionnaire, including questions to determine the possible causative factors and EPDS question to evaluate maternal mental health. One to one interview was conducted for data collection. Association of PPD with various socio-demographic and gender factors was then sought through statistical analysis using SPSS version 25. Results; The prevalence of PPD was 69%, with moderate depression being most common. Mothers who gave birth to female children had significantly higher rates of PPD, highlighting the impact of gender bias. Additionally, cesarean sections, middle-class socioeconomic status and being in young adult age group were found as additional risk factors for PPD. Conclusion: The findings highlight the significant impact of gender bias on the occurrence of postpartum depression, especially among mothers with female children, who are at heightened risk. To enhance maternal mental health and improve mothers' overall quality of life, it is crucial to address gender bias along with other contributing factors through focused interventions. Continued research is necessary to confirm these results and to design effective strategies for prevention and management. Keywords: Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), illiteracy, gender, post-natal, post-partum depression.