Vertically staggered layouts of wind farms effectively mitigate energy-induced land use security

Onshore wind power technology, one of the most promising renewable energy technologies, holds the potential to optimize the energy mix and mitigate climate change worldwide.However, the deployment of onshore wind power is complicated by aging wind turbine fleets, increasing land use constraints, and the growing relevance of various social factors, all of which further contribute to land use scarcity.Despite adopting strategies such as differentiated management and multi-modal acquisition for the land utilized by wind power facilities, the occupation of land areas for wind power has become a potential concern due to extensive land area requirements.In this study, the original turbine layout was rehabilitated by interspersing higher wind turbines within the original shorter turbines to increase land use efficiency per unit of wind power generation, and the limited land resources are expected to be effectively solved while mitigating climate change and achieving sustainable development goals worldwide.