Assessing the Morphological and Physico-Chemical Properties of Vertisols and Black Soils for Optimal Land Management in Garoua, Northern Cameroon, Sub-Saharan Africa

This study investigated and compared the morphological and physicochemical properties of a typical lithomorphic Vertisol and a Black soil, i.e., a topomorphic Vertisol around the Benoue river valley in Garoua, Northern Cameroon for optimal land management. Three pits were excavated along the vertical position of the Benoue River, and soil samples were collected and analyzed for various physicochemical properties. The results showed that soil profiles from both Vertisols were characterized by a clayey texture and a prismatic structure. The soil profiles presented the A horizon, B1t, B2t, B3t, and C horizon from the top to bottom. The Vertisols in the study area were slightly alkaline, with pH values ranging from 5.99 to 8.51. The available phosphorus (P2O5) content in the soil was generally low, indicating the need for phosphorus fertilizer application to enhance crop production. The organic carbon content in the soil was relatively high, ranging from 0.17 to 2.75%, and showed a difference between the lithomorphic and the topomorphic Vertisols. The total nitrogen content was moderate, and the soil was dominated by clay particles, followed by sand particles and silt particles. The high clay content in the soil suggests a potential soil structural constraint and the need for soil management practices that enhance soil aggregation and water infiltration. This study provides useful insights into soil management practices that enhance soil fertility, agricultural productivity, and environmental sustainability in Northern Cameroon. Future research should investigate other properties that may affect soil fertility and productivity.