Optimizing supply chain performance in Somali SMEs: The role of internal and external integration

This study explores how supply chain integration (SCI) affects the performance of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Data were gathered through surveys from SMEs in Mogadishu, Somalia, involving supply, logistics, and operations managers as well as employees. The findings indicate that SCI significantly enhances performance in areas such as cost efficiency, product quality, delivery timeliness, and operational effectiveness. The study highlights the importance of not only internal integration but also strong connections with suppliers and customers. It adds to existing research by providing empirical evidence on the performance benefits of supply network integration and the factors driving these improvements. The study recommends that managers adopt a comprehensive strategy to strengthen both internal integration and collaboration with external supply chain partners.