Cell indices as predictors of progression-free survival in multiple myeloma: a retrospective cohort study

Abstract Objectives Certain basic cell indices may possess prognostic significance in the treatment of multiple myeloma (MM). This study aims to evaluate the prognostic value of a combination of cell indices (CCI), comprising the percentage of bone marrow plasma cells (BMPCs), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and platelet count, on progression-free survival (PFS) in MM patients. Methods This retrospective cohort study analyzed 111 patients with newly diagnosed MM. Patients were assigned 1 point for each of the following: high percentage of BMPCs (40 %), high NLR (2.065), and low platelet count (<150 × 10 9 /L). Based on these scores, the CCI was formulated. Patients were categorized into low-risk (0 points), intermediate-risk (1–2 points), and high-risk (3 points) groups. Results Univariate and multivariate analyses identified CCI as an independent prognostic factor for PFS (intermediate-risk group: Hazard ratio (HR) 3.538, 95 % CI: 1.592–7.860, high-risk group; HR 5.049, 95 % CI: 1.890–13.482, p<0.001). The PFS for the low-risk, intermediate-risk, and high-risk groups were 41.732, 27.758, and 16.600 months, respectively. Conclusions The CCI, incorporating the percentage of BMPCs, NLR, and platelet count, may serve as an independent prognostic factor for PFS in MM patients.