About the Gains and the Effective Areas of a Multiport Antenna Array

We study emission by a multiport antenna array (MAA) coupled to a multiport generator having an internal impedance matrix that need not be diagonal, and reception by the MAA coupled to a multiport load having an impedance matrix that need not be diagonal. This leads us to define 4 excitation-dependent emission parameters (gains), 10 excitation-independent emission parameters, and 8 reception parameters including two effective areas. We establish how these parameters can be computed and prove many results about them. We use the parameters for emission and reception to obtain new generalizations of the Friis transmission formula and other new transmission formulas.