Optimization of Reserve Components' Involvement to Support Disaster Management in Indonesia: A National Defense Policy Perspective

Objective: This study aims to analyze the optimization of Reserve Components' involvement in supporting disaster management in Indonesia through the perspective of national defense policy. It is based on Law No. 23 of 2019 on the Management of National Resources for National Defense. Theoretical Framework: The theoretical framework of this study is based on Total Defense, emphasizing the mobilization of the Reserve Component to address threats, including disasters. Vasovic et al. (2020) highlight the importance of collective awareness, while Shepherd (2013) demonstrates that the involvement of the Reserve Component strengthens national resilience. The survival spirit theory (Zack, 2023) underscores readiness and rapid response in disaster situations. Method: The research method used is descriptive-qualitative. Data collection is carried out through literature studies, reviewing various legal and policy sources, followed by semi-structured interviews with relevant parties, including officials from the Ministry of Defense, BNPB (National Agency for Disaster Management), as well as experts and practitioners in disaster management. Results and Discussion: The results show that reserve components, consisting of civilians, can play a crucial role in addressing various threats, including disasters. As of 2023, there are 9,012 Reserve Component personnel spread across Indonesia. However, the involvement of Reserve Components in disaster management has not yet been implemented, as the mobilization focus has been directed toward military and hybrid threats. The study finds that involving the Reserve Components with all their potential can enhance the effectiveness of disaster response, particularly during emergency response phases and aid distribution, by leveraging the synergy between the military (TNI) and the public. Research Implications: This research underscores the need for specific regulations detailing the Reserve Component's role in disaster management, emphasizing the inclusion of disaster response training in their education. It highlights the importance of regular coordination between the Reserve Component, TNI, BNPB, and local governments to enhance national preparedness, ensuring effective mobilization against non-military threats. Originality/Value: This study offers a unique perspective by positioning the Reserve Component as a vital asset in non-military disaster management. Unlike previous research, it explores the integration of military-trained civilians into national disaster response strategies, contributing valuable insights into optimizing defense policies for enhancing resilience and community preparedness in disaster-prone Indonesia.