Ameliorating potential of clove oil on histological tissue damage induced by TCDD in lung of Wister albino Rats

Dioxins are one of constant, bio-accumulative and toxic chemicals (PBTs) which accumulate in the environment with harmful level to ecological health either animals or human, also may travel long distances in air, can move readily from land to air and water (Rathoure 2018). The aim of the current research was to determine the potential for protective interventionsof clove oil in controlling tetra-chloro-dibenzodioxin (TCDD) toxicity in the lung tissue of Wister albino rats. Thirty female and male Wister rats were divided into three isolated groups (n=10). Group 1 (G1) served as normal control, group 2(G2), rats were received single intraperitoneal dose of TCDD (2μg/kg body wight dissolved in corn oil), while group 3 (G3), rats were treated with oral clove oil (CLO) (200mg/kg body weight day after day for 8 weeks) after TCDD treatment (same as group II). Lung tissue samples were collected for histopathological examination, Ultra-structural assessment and immunohistochemical examination for Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen (PCNA). Histopathological investigation from TCDD group revealed prominent broncho-interstitial pneumonia with thickened interalveolar tissues. Bronchial epithelium showed hyperplasia and desquamation and, in some cases, showed bronchiolitis obliterans. On the other hand, clove oil (CLO) co-administration ameliorated almost histopathological alterations in lung tissues. Clove oil administration could reduce the PCNA expression caused by TCDD in the immunohistochemical examination. In conclusion, exposure to 2, 3, 7, 8-TCDD caused oxidative stress damage and led to serious toxic effects in bronchioles and lung tissues and treatment with clove oil could ameliorate these toxic changes to an improved extend.