Modeling Mechanical Properties of Concrete with Bida Natural Stones as Coarse Aggregate

This paper presents the results of statistical models for the mechanical properties of concrete made using Bida natural stones (pebbles) as coarse aggregate. Fresh and hardened concrete properties were analyzed using response surface methodology (RSM). The research employed central composite design using three (3) independent variables with equivalent ranges as Water to Cement ratio (W/C) = 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, Coarse Aggregate to Total Aggregate ratio (CA/TA) = 0.55, 0.615, 0.68 and Total Aggregate to Cement ratio (TA/C) = 3.0, 4.5 and 6.0. Minitab 14 (2004) selected 20 possible mix proportions for the experiment. The concrete specimens that were used for this research work include 150mm x 150mm x 150mm concrete cube, Ø150mm x 300mm concrete cylinder and 100mm x 100mm x 500mm concrete prism for compressive strength, elastic modulus/splitting tensile strength and flexural strength respectively. For each mix, five numbers of specimens were cast and cured for 7, 14, 21 and 28days. The twenty-eight days measured responses were used to develop models for the mechanical properties. Statistical and experimental model validations were employed. The p-value for all individual terms were less than 0.05, p-values for lack of fit were also greater than 0.05 in all cases tested, coefficient of determination (R2), adjusted coefficient of determination (adjR2) were in the range of 89.7% to 100% for compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, elastic modulus, flexural strength, and slump respectively which indicated adequate model validity. The predicted responses closely agree with experimental values, this further confirms the validity of the models developed. The study therefore suggested interaction, pure quadratic, reduced full quadratic, interaction models for the mechanical properties and slump respectively for the concrete made using Bida natural stones as coarse aggregate. The concrete with mix constituent mentioned above can be used for structural application such as reinforced concrete slabs, beams, columns and foundations.