Antidiabetic impact of novel sophorolipids produced via microbial conversion of Moringa oleifera and Lepidium sativum oil cakes utilizing locally isolated yeast strains in streptozotocin-induced diabetic Wistar rats: role of glucagon-like peptide-1

BackgroundOne of the top ten causes of mortality all over the world is diabetes mellitus. Egypt inparticular, has one of the highest prevalence of diabetes mellitus in the worldObjectiveThe purpose of this work is to produce sophorolipids (SLs) economically throughmicrobial conversion of agro-industrial wastes namely Moringa oleifera (MO) andLepidium sativum (LS) oil cakes using locally isolated Saccharomyces cerevisiaeand Yarrowia lipolytica, respectively. Finally, the produced SLs will be investigatedfor their potential use as antihyperglycemic drugs in diabetic rats.Patients and methodsThe SLs were structurally characterized by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,hydrogen-1 proton nuclear magnetic resonance, and LC-MS/MS. Then thehypoglycemic impact of the produced SLs was evaluated through an experimenton 30 male Wistar albino rats grouped into four diabetic groups induced by a singleintraperitoneal dose of streptozotocin; a control positive group, a diabeticgroup + reference drug (metformin), a diabetic group + MO-SLs and a diabeticgroup + LS-SLs and the experiment lasted for 4 weeks.Results and conclusionThe yield of MO-SLs was 18.6 g/100 g substrate. While LS-SLs had a higher yield(43.6 g/100 g substrate).TheMO-SLs declined surface tensionofwater to38mN/mat60 mg/Lcriticalmicelleconcentrationhowever,LS-SLslevelswere46mN/mat50 mg/L. The chemical characterization of MO-SLs indicated the presence of lactonic andacidic formsofSLs and theLS-SLs confirmed the presence of lactonic formonly.Dataobtainedfor thehypoglycemic effect revealedthat bothextractshaveapositiveimpacton the studied biochemical parameters with the best results recorded for body weightchange, fasting blood glucose, alanine transaminase, insulin, and glucagon-likepeptide-1 for the diabetic group receiving LS-SLs followed by the reference drug,then the MO-SLs group. The results of biochemical markers were confirmed by thehistopathological examinations showing the efficiency of the produced LS-SLs indecreasing the fasting blood glucose level.