Establishment of hairy root cultures by Agrobacterium rhizogenes mediated transformation of Gardenia jasminoides Variegata for enhancing of phenolic and antioxidant accumulation capacity

The gardenia is an aromatic medicinal plant belonging to the coffee family(Rubiaceae). Because of its high concentration of phenolic compounds,including caffeic acid, ferulic acid, and chlorogenic acid, it can be used to treatinflammatory illnesses and relieve pain.ObjectiveIt is the first study on Gardenia jasminoides Variegata hairy root cultures to increasethe levels of Phenolic, flavonoid compounds, and accumulation of antioxidants.Patients and methodsGardenia jasminoides Variegata shoots were infected with the Agrobacteriumrhizogenes A4 strain. Total phenolics and flavonoid content has been estimated.The content of phenolic and flavonoid compounds in the cultures was quantifiedusing high-performance liquid chromatography. To emphasize and clarify theresults the high-performance thin-layer chromatography were used. Antioxidantactivity were demonstrated by 2,2′- azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate)radical cation and 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl.Results and conclusionThe transgenic culture was confirmed through PCR using rol genes primers. Totalphenolics content has been reported to be higher in hairy roots than in controlsamples recorded (1.674 as versus 1.073 mg/g DW, respectively). Additionally, thetotal flavonoid content in the transgenic stem cultures showed higher levels than thenontransgenics (2.824 versus 1.553 mg/g dry weight, respectively). Hairy rootcultures recorded more antioxidant activity than the nontransgenics. Chlorogenicacid, ferulic acid, and caffeic acid were accumulated in high values in transgeniccultures (3248.4, 2948.2, and 452.2 μg/g DW, respectively). So, transgenic culturecan accumulate as more as about 100 folds the nontransgenic ones for thechlorogenic acid and ferulic acid.