Monitoring the Physical and Chemical Properties of Treated Wastewater Using an Adsorption Column Composed of Gravel, Sand and Coal

The absorptive capacity of a column composed of two layers of gravel, sand, and one layer of charcoal was investigated to purify polluted water. Physiochemical analyses were conducted on the water after treatment, and the results demonstrated removal efficiencies of 94.53% for chemical oxygen demand (COD), 93.08% for biochemical oxygen demand over five days (BOD₅), 99.49% for suspended solids (TSS), and 98.21% for phosphorus. The treated water was found to comply with both Algerian and international wastewater standards. These findings confirm the effectiveness of the system, highlighting its environmental friendliness and economic feasibility for wastewater treatment. Keywords: Wastewater, Treated water, Physical and chemical properties, Gravel, Sand, Charcoal.