The Quasi‐Periodic Nighttime Traveling Ionospheric Disturbances on 13 May 2024 During the Recovery Phase of a SuperStorm

Abstract On 10–14 May 2024, one of the most powerful geomagnetic storms occurred, with the Dst less than −400 nT. Quasi‐periodic nighttime traveling ionospheric disturbances (TIDs) observed during the recovery phase on 13 May are explored using the detrended total electron content (dTEC) and the neutral wind measurements from Fabry‐Perot interferometers (FPI) at Millstone station. At middle latitudes, the strong westward plasma drifts drove an obvious nighttime ionospheric trough at 52° magnetic latitude. Equatorward of this middle‐latitude trough, quasi‐periodic TIDs in dTEC were found, with a period of 1 hr and phase speeds ranging from 305.6 to 649.3 m/s. Based on the AE index, the periodic energy deposition during substorms might be responsible for the quasi‐periodic oscillations of TIDs. Fortunately, FPI‐measured horizontal winds at Millstone showed a quasi‐periodic oscillation as well, indicating their potential key role.