Examining Risk of COVID-19 Vaccine Distribution on Last-mile Delivery: a DEMATEL-based ANP Approach

The Indonesian government's decisive reaction to combat COVID-19, especially in vaccine distribution, is challenged by the system's complexity and various vaccine types. Cold chain management is essential for ensuring vaccines quality during last-mile delivery. This study employs the Decision-Making Evaluation and Laboratory (DEMATEL) based Analytical Network Process (ANP) to assess risk priorities in last-mile vaccine delivery by identifying three-dimensional risks: material handling, facilities, infrastructure, and coordination. Results indicate that material handling carries the most significant weight among these risks. Therefore, policymakers are advised to focus on mitigating risks associated with facilities and infrastructure to safeguard material handling.