Global Slum Legalization Practices:New Perspective to Improve Kampung in Jakarta

Kampungs in Jakarta are defined as areas that emerge beyond the purview of governance. However, a notable shift occurred with the announcement of Governor Regulation Number 31/2022, acknowledging Kampung's existence and potentially paving the way for improvements once synonymous with slums. This study explores global practices of slum legalisation to provide a perspective on addressing the legal challenges facing Kampung without resorting to evictions. The study suggests that legalising slum areas does not solely depend on issuing ownership certificates but can encompass diverse approaches like formal adjustments to spatial regulations, tenure guarantees, and various legal rights to minimise risks for government officials.