Get the ball rolling: update and perspective on the role of chloroplast plastoglobule-associated proteins under abiotic stress

Plastid-localized plastoglobules (PGs) are monolayer lipid droplets typically associated with the outer envelope of thylakoid membranes in chloroplasts. The size and number of PGs can vary significantly in response to different environmental stimuli. Since the early 21st century, a variety of proteins attached to the surface of PGs have been identified and experimentally characterized using advanced biotechnological techniques, revealing their biological functions. This article aims to assess the latest discoveries regarding PG-associated proteins and explore their dynamics under both single and combined abiotic stress conditions, providing insights into the critical role of plastid lipid droplets in plant adaptation to global climate-related challenges.