Influence of stratified shear instabilities on particle sedimentation in three-dimensional simulations with application to marine carbon dioxide removal

Stratified flow instabilities play a critical role in particle sedimentation in marine environments, influencing the efficacy of marine carbon dioxide removal strategies. Using direct numerical simulations, we reveal how these instabilities enhance or inhibit settling across flow regimes. Our findings highlight the dynamic interplay between turbulence, stratification, and particle dynamics, providing new insights into optimizing carbon removal techniques.