Advancements in biogas production: process optimization and innovative plant operations

Abstract Biogas production offers numerous advantages, but ongoing research and development are essential to enhance efficiency, accelerate production, and ensure cost-effectiveness as a sustainable energy source. This comprehensive review examines the anaerobic digestion process of cow dung, analyzing critical factors such as reactor type, operating conditions, and feedstock pretreatment. By breaking down complex organic structures, pretreatment methods such as thermal and chemical treatments significantly increase biogas yields. Additionally, the use of additives, such as trace metal nanoparticles, can enhance methane production, making the anaerobic digestion process more efficient. Also, innovative applications for biogas facilities are discussed, including integrating biogas production with hydroponic farming, which repurposes nutrient-rich byproducts for crop growth, and using waste heat to generate electricity. Furthermore, steam methane reforming offers a pathway for hydrogen production, which increases biogas plants’ versatility. The findings of this study provide actionable strategies to optimize biogas production and utilize biogas facilities to promote sustainability and reduce reliance on fossil fuels. According to this study, taking advantage of these novel approaches will maximize the benefits of biogas and contribute to the transition toward a greener economy.