Comparative analysis of inheritable and modified variations induced by gamma irradiation in the first and second generation of cotton varieties Ganja-160, Ganja-182 and Ganja-183

The main goal of the conducted research was to obtain cotton genotypes resistant to extreme environmental factors and various diseases, based on the fact that high doses of γ-irradiation is a mutagenic factor. At the initial stage, before sowing, 1100 samples of plants whose seeds were treated with γ-rays in different doses were cultivated (in four parallel versions), the characteristics of the growing plants were studied, and the plants with changed signs were identified. At the end of the growing season, the raw cotton of 850 plants was collected by individual sampling and the transformed and untransformed plants in M1 were separated, their seeds were collected individually, stored and used for sowing as a family in the next planting (in M2). Changes in vegetation duration, main stem height, number of sympodial branches and number of bolls per bush of both M1 and M2 lineages were evaluated as the main criteria for determining the effectiveness of the mutation. In addition, the main economic characteristics and quality indicators such as the productivity of a bush, fiber yield, and fiber length, mass of raw cotton per boll were determined. It became clear that radiation can create certain changes in the first generation of all three varieties, some of which can be preserved in the second generation. In order to clarify whether the changes observed in the I and II generations are genetic (mutagenic) or just modification changes, the listed parameters are also planned to be studied in the next generations of plants.