Antimicrobial effect of different concentrations of zirconium dioxide versus titanium dioxide nanoparticles incorporated in conventional polymethylmethacrylate denture base: A randomized clinical trial

Abstract Purpose To compare the antimicrobial effect and reveal out the most effective concentration of zirconium dioxide (ZrO 2 ) and titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) nanoparticles added to polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) denture bases. Patients and methods Forty completely edentulous male patients with mean age of 48 years old randomly distributed into five groups (eight patients each): group I received PMMA dentures without additives, group II received 1% ZrO 2 nanoparticles PMMA dentures, group III received 3% ZrO 2 nanoparticles PMMA dentures, group VI received 1% TiO 2 nanoparticles PMMA dentures, and group V received 3% TiO 2 nanoparticles PMMA dentures. Microbiological evaluation concerning Candida albicans was performed from the fitting surface of dentures after 1 week, 2 weeks, and 1 month of denture delivery. Data were delivered, tabulated, and statistically analyzed using analysis of variance test followed by Tukey’s post-hoc test at a significance level of 5%. Results No statistical significant differences were found between the study groups ( P ≥ 0.05) but all groups showed statistical significant difference with the control group ( P < 0.05). Conclusions Although the limitations and results of this study; 3% TiO 2 and 3% ZrO 2 nanoparticles give the PMMA denture base the most powerful antimicrobial effect.