Evaluation of concentrated growth factors with and without metformin gel in the treatment of mandibular class II furcation defect

Abstract Background Untreated periodontal diseases in the molar region often result in loss of periodontal support. This results in the development of furcation defects. These defects have been associated with a deteriorating prognosis and without treatment may result in ultimate loss of the involved tooth. Furcation involvement therefore presents both diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. Objective The present study aimed to evaluate and compare the effects of 1% metformin gel (MF) plus concentrated growth factors (CGF) versus CGF alone in the treatment of Grade II mandibular furcation defects, clinically, and radiographically. Patients and methods Nine patients with 20 Grade II mandibular furcation defect sites were selected and divided into two groups. Group I included 10 defects was treated with 1% MF gel plus CGF while group II included 10 defects was treated with CGF alone. The clinical outcome parameters were probing pocket depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), plaque index (PI), and bleeding on probing. The radiographic study included furcation defect depth, width, and height assessed by cone beam computed tomography. The clinical parameters were evaluated at baseline, 3 and 6 months while the radiographic parameters were evaluated at baseline and 6 months. Results Both the study groups showed statistically significant improvement in all clinical parameters (PI, bleeding on probing, PPD, CAL) after 3 and 6-month postsurgical compared to baseline. A significantly greater mean reduction of PD and CAL were observed in group I compared with group II at 3 and 6 months. The radiographic assessment showed significant improvement in bone gain in both groups after 6 months postsurgery. Comparing the two groups, significant reductions of depth, width, and height were exhibited in group I as compared with group II at 6 months post-treatment. Conclusion Based on the results of the current study, CGF with and without 1% MF can be successfully used for the treatment of mandibular furcation involvement, however, the addition of 1% MF gel to CGF was found to have potentiating effect as it resulted in more favorable clinical and radiographic outcomes.