Lightweight key generation circuits for CRYSTALS-Kyber

The rapid development of quantum computers poses a significant threat to traditional cryptographic algorithms, rendering them unable to ensure information security. CRYSTALS-Kyber was the only public-key encryption algorithm standardized in 2022. The article designs a lightweight, configurable, and compact key generator for CRYSTALS-Kyber, aimed at resource-constrained IoT devices. The key generator utilizes time-multiplexing of the hash module to sequentially provide hash data to the matrix generation module and the polynomial generation module, thereby generating the required matrix and polynomial data. A configurable binomial distribution sampling module is designed to reduce resource and cycle consumption. The key generator architecture is deployed on the Xilinx Artix-7 platform using the xc7a200tfbg484-3 development board, achieving a frequency of up to 208 MHz while using only 4.8k LUTs, 4.2k FFs, 2 DSPs, and 2.5 BRAMs.