Charged Pion Condensation and Color Superconductivity Phenomena in Chirally Asymmetric Dense Quark Matter

Abstract In this paper, the question of the influence of color superconductivity on the formation of a phase with condensation of charged pions in dense, chirally asymmetric quark matter is studied. We consider it within the framework of the massless Nambu–Jona-Lasinio (NJL) model with a diquark interaction channel at zero temperature, but in the presence of baryon $\mu _B$, isospin $\mu _I$, chiral $\mu _{5}$, and chiral isospin $\mu _{I5}$ chemical potentials. It has been shown in the mean-field approximation that in the presence of chiral imbalance, when $\mu _{5}\ne 0$ and/or $\mu _{I5}\ne 0$, the color superconductivity phenomenon does not hinder the generation of charged pion condensation in dense quark matter even at the largest baryon densities attainable in heavy-ion collision experiments and in cores of neutron stars and their mergers, highlighting the resilience of this phase in dense quark matter. This makes the phase structure of dense quark matter even more rich, multifaceted, and interesting, and shows that pion condensation in dense quark matter is a viable phenomenon to be explored, e.g. in intermediate-energy heavy-ion collision experiments.