A Comparative Assessment of Green Spaces in Residential and Non-Residential Areas in Selected Towns and Cities of the Philippines, Singapore, and New York: Implications for Achieving SDG 11

Introduction: Urban centers are the sites where the fight against climate change can be won or lost. To suceed, carbon footprint arresters like vegetation are essential in attaining sustainable cities and communities (SDG 11). Objective: The objective of this study is to determine practices of the seleted sites in relation to green and open spaces to include vegetative covers. Theoretical Framework: The study is anchored in Sustainable Development Theory with emphasis on evironmental conservation. Method: Conducted 311 virtual and 50 actual observation to determine green space practices. Observation checklist with picture-based score sheet to guide enumerators. Results and Discussion: The vegetative cover in the Philippines is significantly lower when compared to New York and Singapore. Vegetative covers of observation sites for residential and non-residential areas differences are not significant. Research Implications: There is a need to explore why towns and cities in the Philippines have poor green spaces despite the fact that it specifically that Distare Risk and Reduction (DRR) and the Climate Change Adaptation (CCA) are mainstreamed in the Comprehesnive Land Use Planning (CLUP) Process. Originality/Value: The comparison of green spaces in the Philippines, New York and Singapore.