Formamidine as an Easy‐On and Easy‐Off Linker for Reversible Crosslinking of Two Alkyl Amines in Peptide Stapling and Conjugation

Amino groups are abundant in both natural and synthetic molecules, offering highly accessible sites for modifying native biorelevant molecules. Despite significant progress with more reactive thiol groups, methods for ligating two amino groups with reversible linkers for bioconjugation applications remain elusive. Herein, we report the use of oxidative decarboxylative condensation of glyoxylic acid to crosslink or ligate two alkyl amines via a compact formamidine linkage, applicable in both intra- and intermolecular contexts. This linking chemistry exhibits unique hetero-coupling selectivity between primary and secondary alkyl amines. Although the formamidine linkage is stable under pH-neutral buffers and acidic conditions, it can be readily cleaved with ethylenediamine or hydrazine under mild conditions in alcohol solvents or aqueous media, fully restoring the amino groups. This study introduces a rare 'easy-on and easy-off' strategy for connecting two native amines in peptide stapling and biomolecule conjugation.

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Publication Details

Journal
Angewandte Chemie International Edition
Published
2025-01-10
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202422844
Citations
14
Primary Topic
Antimicrobial Peptides and Activities
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
16.56

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article

Formamidine as an Easy‐On and Easy‐Off Linker for Reversible Crosslinking of Two Alkyl Amines in Peptide Stapling and Conjugation

Shaokun Cai, Tianxi Yang, Wenli Guan, Xin Chu et al.
14 citations
Angewandte Chemie International Edition
Antimicrobial Peptides and Activities
16.56
article

Formamidine as an Easy‐On and Easy‐Off Linker for Reversible Crosslinking of Two Alkyl Amines in Peptide Stapling and Conjugation

Shaokun Cai, Tianxi Yang, Wenli Guan, Xin Chu, Shuai Jiang, Chuanzheng Zhou, Gong Chen, Zhang Zhang, Gang He, Xiaoxi Xu
article en
14 citations

Abstract

Amino groups are abundant in both natural and synthetic molecules, offering highly accessible sites for modifying native biorelevant molecules. Despite significant progress with more reactive thiol groups, methods for ligating two amino groups with reversible linkers for bioconjugation applications remain elusive. Herein, we report the use of oxidative decarboxylative condensation of glyoxylic acid to crosslink or ligate two alkyl amines via a compact formamidine linkage, applicable in both intra- and intermolecular contexts. This linking chemistry exhibits unique hetero-coupling selectivity between primary and secondary alkyl amines. Although the formamidine linkage is stable under pH-neutral buffers and acidic conditions, it can be readily cleaved with ethylenediamine or hydrazine under mild conditions in alcohol solvents or aqueous media, fully restoring the amino groups. This study introduces a rare 'easy-on and easy-off' strategy for connecting two native amines in peptide stapling and biomolecule conjugation.

Angewandte Chemie International EditionVol. 64(13)
Nankai University (CN), Unité Matériaux et Transformations (FR)
National Natural Science Foundation of China
Clean water and sanitation
Openalex Percentile: Top 1%
Antimicrobial Peptides and Activities
16.56
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Formamidine as an Easy‐On and Easy‐Off Linker for Reversible Crosslinking of Two Alkyl Amines in Peptide Stapling and Conjugation — Shaokun Cai, Tianxi Yang, et al. · Angewandte Chemie International Edition (2025) | TGRS Research Map | TGRS