Unveiling the Therapeutic Potentials of Ghee: Insights from Ayurvedic Texts and Contemporary Research

Background: Recent research has brought attention to the bioactive properties of dairy fats, leading to a shift in the scientific community’s perspective. Ghee, a clarified butter integral to Indian culture and cuisine, has been extensively documented in Ayurveda for its therapeutic benefits. Objective: To examine the health benefits of ghee as described in Ayurvedic texts and modern scientific literature, identifying areas of alignment and divergence. Methods: Ayurvedic Review: Analysis of 11 classical texts spanning 3000+ years, identifying 4000 references to milk derivatives, including 774 mentions of ghee. Benefits were categorised into 15 clusters. Modern Literature Review: Examination of studies published between 1990 and 2023, focusing on ghee’s therapeutic applications. Results: Ayurvedic Insights: Ghee is highlighted for cognitive enhancement, gastrointestinal health, and nourishment, with 2913 references to the benefits of milk derivatives. Modern Insights: Research primarily emphasises ghee’s role in wound healing, skin health, and cardiovascular benefits. Discussion: Ayurvedic and modern perspectives offer complementary insights. While modern science has explored ghee’s topical and cardiovascular applications, Ayurveda underscores its systemic benefits, including cognitive and digestive health. Conclusion: The integration of Ayurvedic knowledge and modern science could unlock ghee’s therapeutic potential, addressing chronic and age-related diseases. Future interdisciplinary research is crucial for validating traditional applications and discovering innovative treatments.