Metabolomics Profiling of Boerhavia diffusa (Punarnava): High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry Unveils Hepatoprotective Metabolites

Boerhavia diffusa (Punarnava), a highly valued medicinal plant in Ayurveda, has been traditionally used for its hepatoprotective properties. Despite its extensive use in treating liver disorders, the specific bioactive compounds and underlying mechanisms responsible for its hepatoprotective effects remain largely undefined. This study utilizes High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry (HRMS) to comprehensively analyse and profile the bioactive compounds in Boerhavia diffusa, aiming to uncover its hepatoprotective potential at the molecular level. The HRMS analysis revealed a diverse spectrum of phytochemicals many of which are associated with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and liver-regenerative activities. These compounds were further explored for their interactions with key hepatic pathways, particularly in mitigating oxidative stress, inhibiting inflammatory mediators, and regulating enzymes crucial for liver function and detoxification. The study further explores potential mechanisms of action of these phytochemicals through reviews of existing pharmacological data, proposing a multifaceted approach to liver protection that includes scavenging free radicals, reducing lipid peroxidation, and inhibiting pro-inflammatory cytokines. The findings underscore the potential of Boerhavia diffusa as a natural therapeutic agent for liver diseases, reinforcing its place in both traditional and modern medicine. These findings could facilitate the development of novel plant-based therapeutics aimed at liver health.