V2I Channel Stationarity Distance in the 5 GHz Band

Vehicle to Infrastructure (V2I) communication, an important part of intelligent transportation systems (ITS), can improve security and traffic efficiency through wireless connections in terrestrial automotive settings. We conducted V2I measurements in an urban environment. The measurements were performed using a 40 MHz bandwidth chirp signal at 5240 MHz center frequency. In our measurements, the transmitter (Tx) was stationary and the receiver (Rx), placed in a car, was driven along a street: both toward and away from the ground station (GS). We quantified the spatial power delay profile correlation coefficient (SPCC) and stationarity distance (SD) for this mixed environment (line-of-sight, non-line-of-sight, and partially obstructed). The average SD is between 3 m and 10 m, and the distribution of SD is approximately exponential. We also observed variation in SPCC and SD according to the asymmetry of the urban environment around the ground station.