Autonomous Line Follower Robot with Obstacle Avoidance Design

The evolution of the Line Following Robot starts with an analog design and advances to a refined version incorporating an Arduino Nano microcontroller and an ultrasonic sensor for obstacle avoidance. Initially, the focus was on developing a simple robot capable of following a predetermined path using basic sensor technology, specifically infrared sensors for line detection. The robot was able to differentiate between various line colours, each with distinct properties, and adjust its path accordingly. Both versions of the robot’s hardware, including motors, sensors, and motor drivers, are discussed in detail. Additionally, the software development process, essential for controlling the robot’s behaviour, is thoroughly examined. The robot’s versatility points to its applicability across various domains, including commercial, industrial, medical, and educational settings, emphasizing its wide-ranging significance and potential impact.