Wireless Sensor Networks Deployment Strategy of 3D Surface Based on Delaunay Triangulation and Enhanced Butterfly Optimization Algorithm

Various complex challenges are often encountered in 3D coverage for wireless sensor networks (WSNs). Existing 3D surface deployment methods suffer from high coverage cost and low coverage efficiency. Therefore, this study proposes a 3D surface WSN coverage optimization method based on Delaunay Triangulation and Enhanced Butterfly Optimization Algorithm (DTEBOA-3D). Firstly, a 3D surface probabilistic coverage model is established by digital elevation model and delaunay triangulation (DEM-DT) to enhance the perception effect; then, tent mapping is used in the algorithm to enhance the diversity of butterfly populations, and Lévy flight is used to enhance the exploration optimization function; and finally, the convergence is accelerated by the Virtual Force Algorithm (VFA) to improve the optimization accuracy. In a 3D surface deployment simulation experiment, DTEBOA-3D is compared with three other deployment methods. The experimental results show that the DTEBOA-3D algorithm is effective in 3D surface coverage.