Bi-Level Capacity Optimization of Microgrid Considering Orderly Charging and Discharging Strategies for Electric Vehicles in a Power-Carbon Market Environment

With the increased penetration of electric vehicles (EVs) in communities, the negative impacts of vehicle charging on the power system have gradually increased. To enlarge the EV charging carrying capacity of the community grid, this paper proposes a bi-level capacity configuration strategy for community microgrid (MG) in a Power-Carbon market environment. The upper-level model allocates capacity with the objectives of highest MG reliability, minimum comprehensive operating cost and minimum carbon emission, while the lower-level model optimizes the scheduling strategy with the objectives of minimum weighted operating cost and minimum charging cost for EV users. First, the real-time price is used to guide the residents' electricity consumption behavior to be more adaptive to the uncertainty of renewable energy sources and to ensure that the community MG has sufficient resilient capacity. Second, based on the alternative storage effect of EVs, EVs are integrated with storage batteries and participate in ancillary services. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by a simulation case.