Optimization of Energy Storage Capacity and System Economic Operation of Thermal Power Units Considering Electricity-Carbon Coupling Constraints

As the global energy transition accelerates, thermal power units, as representatives of traditional energy, face the dual challenges of reducing carbon emissions and improving energy efficiency. This study aims to explore optimization of energy storage capacity and system economic operation of thermal power units considering electricity-carbon coupling constraints. The impact of the electricity-carbon coupling mechanism on the operation of thermal power units is analyzed. Then, a multi- objective optimization model that comprehensively considers economic and environmental benefits is constructed. The non- dominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGA-II) is employed to solve the above model. Based on the obtained pareto front, the potential impact of the battery energy storage systems (BESS) on the operational efficiency and carbon emissions of thermal power units is evaluated. The results show that a 14.27% BESS capacity ratio of the thermal power units can significantly improve the operational flexibility of thermal power units, reduce operating costs, and decrease carbon emissions. The rise in carbon prices corresponds to the increase in power generation costs for thermal power units, which may weaken their competitiveness and profitability. A series of operation strategies for thermal power units based on the electricity-carbon coupling mechanism is proposed, providing practical guidance for achieving low-carbon and efficient operation of thermal power units.