Analysis of Trading Opportunities for Source-Load-Storage Resources in the Main-Auxiliary Markets

Currently, research on the source-load-storage (SLS) integrated main-auxiliary joint market primarily focuses on modeling and clearing methods, while actual trading opportunities of the various resources in the various markets under the current cost levels are rarely examined. In the light of this, this paper, after constructing a clearing model for the SLS integrated energy-frequency regulation-reserve joint market, presents case studies towards two provincial markets with different SLS cost ratios, analyzing the trading opportunities for various resources in different areas. Results of the case study show that adjustable aggregate loads have trading opportunities in the reserve market in both areas due to their low interruptible costs; electric vehicle aggregators (EVAs) may find trading opportunities in downward frequency regulation market in the area with low coal-fired generation cost; however, in provinces with high coal-fired generation costs, independent energy storage stations may find more opportunities in downward frequency regulation than EVAs. These research findings provide valuable insights for the timely development of load-storage resources across different regions.