Adsorption of Dyes by Charcoal and Activated Charcoal from Moringa Oleifera Leaves

This study evaluates the adsorption efficiency of dyes (methylene blue, malachite green, and Rhodamine B) on charcoal and activated charcoal under controlled conditions. Significant variations in adsorption were observed which can be attributed to the molecular structure of the dye and the surface properties of the adsorbent. Malachite green showed the highest adsorption on inactivated charcoal, followed by methylene blue and Rhodamine B. Activation of charcoal increased the adsorption capacity for all dyes, especially for methylene blue and Rhodamine B, due to the introduction of oxygenated functional groups. Kinetic studies showed that the adsorption conformed to the pseudo-second-order model. The results suggest that activated charcoal is a promising material for dye removal, especially for those with lower initial affinities.