Reference Image Estimation for Enhanced Video Display Field Communication

Video Display Field Communication (DFC) is a frequency-based Display-to-Camera (D2C) communication technology where the display and camera act as transmitter and receiver, respectively. Data is transmitted over the D2C link in the form of an image or video, carefully embedded to minimize any distortion to the user's viewing experience. Video-DFC enables the transmission of large amounts of data by embedding it within each video frame, based on a frame packet structure. In this paper, we present experimental results and analysis focused on the structure and performance improvements of Video-DFC. Previous Video-DFC proposed a method of inserting a color code-based 4-point block pattern at the four corners of the final transmitted image frame. Further research demonstrated the potential for improving the performance of the Video-DFC system by using interpolation to estimate the reference image needed for data extraction. Additionally, the system's performance was validated in real-world conditions by evaluating the Achievable Data Rate (ADR) according to the frame packet structure. Notably, a data transmission rate improvement of approximately 2.3 kbps was observed with <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$\boldsymbol{N}{=}$</tex> 10, confirming enhanced performance compared to the conventional single reference image-based Video-DFC.