Optimization-Driven Hybrid Trust Aware Algorithm for Energy Efficient Cluster Head Selection and Routing in IoT Enabled WSN

With the expansion of smart sensor devices, communication technologies evolved Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) into the Internet of Things (IoT) with higher diversities and dynamics, where sensor nodes are grouped as IoT nodes in revealing sensing processes. However, it is essential to develop an energy-efficient protocol in WSN s to maximize network lifetime while minimizing overall energy consumption and the cost of data transmission. Various energy-efficient mechanisms are designed in the routing process to broadcast the data with limited energy and to increase the lifespan but face a lot of issues while deploying in the real-time scenario. Therefore, an effective energy- constrained routing algorithm is designed using the Hybrid Trust-Aware Algorithm (HTWA), which is based on Hippopotamus Optimization (HO) in the IoT-integrated WSN to satisfy the application-specific requirements. The proposed algorithm addresses the issues using score-based link delay- aware and trust-aware mechanisms, which consider different trust parameters to find the route for data communication. Accordingly, the experimentation results showed that the developed mechanism effectively broadcasts data to the intended recipient in a secure by preventing the malicious nodes from entering the secure data path. Accordingly, this model achieved effectiveness by acquiring the values with alive nodes number as, 66, end-to-end delay as 0.58ms, normalized energy as, 0.37J, and throughput as 0.29bps with 100 numbers of nodes, respectively.