Performance Evaluation and Proposed Enhancement of Latest Image Watermarking Schemes Against Specific Forgery Attacks

Detection. Watermarking techniques can be classified based on various criteria, such as visibility, fragility, application domain, and extraction methods. However, their performance degrades against certain forgery attacks due to specific algorithmic loopholes. To deal with this issue, an in-depth performance evaluation and gap analysis of the latest invisible image watermarking schemes is presented in this paper. Then we propose an enhancement in terms of defining and using secret keys for the process of watermarking to improve temper detection and its localization against forgery attacks. First comprehensive testing is conducted regarding the imperceptibility and temper detection capability of these watermarking schemes against copy-paste, object deletion, text addition, and collage attacks. This testing results in finding the security weaknesses against collage attacks. Finally, we implemented the proposed enhancement and illustrated improved results up-to 99% in terms of localizing forgery detection in certain scenarios of collage attacks enhancement.