Deconvolution of spatial transcriptomics data based on multi-head dynamic GAT and optimal transport

The majority of spatial transcriptomics datasets are characterized by low resolution, wherein each spot generally encompasses multiple cells. This limitation poses challenges for exploring biological insights at the cellular level. Consequently, the development and application of robust deconvolution methods for spatial transcriptomics data are imperative to address this challenge. Addressing the limitations of previous deconvolution methods—such as the lack of consideration cell type labels from single-cell sequencing data and the inability to adaptively capture local relationship among points—we propose a novel spatial transcriptomics data deconvolution model based on label-guided Multi-Head Dynamic Graph Attention Networks with Optimal Transport(MHDGATOT). Our approach leverages an advanced multi-head dynamic graph attention network to adaptively capture inter-data relationships and generate effective low-dimensional embeddings. Subsequently, we employ optimal transport based on fused gromov-wasserstein to derive the transport matrix between spatial transcriptomics data and single-cell sequencing data, facilitating the accurate deconvolution of spatial transcriptomics datasets. Experimental validation substantiates the effectiveness of our model.