Research on High-Precision Calculation Methods for Stellar Apparent Positions for A Satellite Observer

Based on the needs for sub-arcsecond attitude determination of microsatellites, a high-precision attitude determination method can be employed without additional payloads by reusing onboard scientific cameras. This method utilizes the peripheral high-quality imaging areas of its square-shaped detector, achieving a closed-loop high-precision attitude determination decoupled from the working of the scientific camera. The high-precision stellar apparent position calculation for a satellite observer is fundamental for achieving high-precision astronomical attitude determination. Due to the optical sensors being on a satellite moving at high speeds in orbit, the aberration caused by satellite motion cannot be ignored. Moreover, other methods for calculating stellar apparent positions based on motion platforms often require improved calculation accuracy. Therefore, this paper conducts research on high-precision calculation methods for stellar apparent positions for a satellite observer. It constructs a high-precision navigational star catalog using the highest precision 3D data of the Milky Way, Gaia EDR3, to correct for the aberration caused by satellite motion, achieving accuracy superior to other motion platform-based methods. The precision reaches the milliarcsecond level, meeting the requirements for sub-arcsecond or even higher precision astronomical attitude determination for satellites.