Optimizing Satellite Constellations for Global Internet Coverage: A Comparative Analysis of Communication Protocols and Orbital Configuration

As a way to provide ubiquitous connectivity, satellite constellations are becoming more and more popular due to the growing need for worldwide internet access. In order to provide dependable and seamless worldwide internet coverage, this study investigates how satellite constellations might be optimized by comparing and contrasting communication protocols and orbital topologies. This ambitious aim involves a number of problems and complications, which are explored in the research along with the trade-offs and design considerations that must be made in order for the implementation to be effective. Two main elements form the framework of the comparative analysis. First, by considering factors like latency, data throughput, and coverage efficiency, it evaluates a range of communication protocols, including traditional geostationary satellites, Low Earth Orbit (LEO) constellations, and Medium Earth Orbit (MEO) satellites. Second, to ascertain the effect of various orbital configurations on worldwide internet coverage, the study considers satellite dispersion, orbital altitudes, and coverage patterns. By means of this study, the research endeavors to provide a valuable contribution to the current discussion on satellite constellations for worldwide internet coverage, therefore facilitating well-informed decisions about the design and implementation of these systems.