Visual simulation of bone cement blending and dynamic flow

Bone cement filling is an important method for preventing osteoporosis and treating fractures. In bone cement filling surgery, the preparation and dosage of the cement usually depend on specific product manuals and the doctor’s experience. If bone cement is not used properly, it may cause additional damage. For teaching and auxiliary medical purposes, for example, assisting doctors to observe the possible flow of bone cement, this paper proposes a multiphase non-Newtonian fluid simulation method to simulate and visualize the flow behavior during the wet sand phase of bone cement blending and polymerization. Our method enables showing intuitively the application process of bone cement under different scene settings to obtain dynamic bone cement effects with high stability and performance. Compared with other methods, our method can simulate highly viscous mixed fluids efficiently and robustly, which supports our method’s usage in the aforementioned training and experimentation scenarios.